Ieee guide for the application of metaloxide surge arresters. These overvoltages could reach dangerous amplitudes for power system apparatus. The original lightning arrester was nothing more than a spark air gap with. Seswga 2364e edition 1, 199004 abb hv switchgear asea brown boveri introduction to meet high energy requirements parallel columns of zno blocks have to be used in surge arresters or several arresters have to share the current and thus the energy. Application considerations for gapped siliconcarbide arresters currently installed on utility high voltage installations dennis w. Lenk, fellow, ieee abstract utilities have expressed concern recently about the electrical integrity and performance capability of the large number of gapped siliconcarbide arresters that they currently have. Paper open access condition based monitoring of gapless. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. These arresters carry no current in the normal state. The value of x is 30 to 40 in case of metal oxide block. With lightning or switching overvoltages, the resistors become conductive ohm range so that a surge current can flow to earth and the overvoltage is reduced to the value of the voltage drop across the arrester residual voltage. Siemens first gapless metal oxide arrester, a gis surge arrester, is delivered for the 123 kv grid in inchicore, a suburb of dublin.
Gapless metal oxide surge arrester mosa for electric power systems,1975 plaque citation summarizing the achievement and its significance. The non linear resistance characteristics of zno block can be expressed as, where, i r and v r are the reference electric current and voltage respectively of the lightning arrester or surge arrester block. Ge offers an extensive line of surge arrester products. A hubbell arrester installed at the end of a radial system or at both ends of an open point in a loop circuit will provide excellent protection against high voltage surges resulting from lightning or. Continued from article complete overview of lightning arresters part 2. Sep 16, 1980 having described gapless surge arrester 10, attention is now directed to figs. The pulley wheel electrodes are replaced by ceramicbonded shunt resistors and a series spark. Application guidelines overvoltage protection metaloxide. In case of lightning, the spark gap is ignited and the overvoltage is safely discharged to the ground.
Older designs of surge arresters generally consist of silicon carbide resistor blocks in series with air gaps. An elastomeric insulated fully shielded arrester including one or more surge arrester blocks mounted within an elastomeric housing having a layer of conductive material on the outer surface thereof, an electrically conductive contact at each end of the arrester block, the elastomeric housing providing a compressive force for maintaining electrical communication between the electrical contacts. It is a very simple type of diverter and consists of two 1. Having described gapless surge arrester 10, attention is now directed to figs. Gapless surge arrester electric power research institute, inc. For solidly effectively grounded systems, the next higher arrester rating above the system linetoneutral voltage. Usually, metal oxide zno gapless type of lightning arrester is used for protection of power system equipment from overvoltage. Therefore, this brochure concentrates only on mo surge arresters without gaps with silicone housing, as developed and pro duced by abb in switzerland. For details on gapped surge n o nl i n e a r c h a r a c t e ri sti c v t v t v t profile becomes flat constant and less. Surge in an electrical system originated mainly due to lightning impulses and switching impulses. The appropriate circuit modeling of metal oxide gapless surge arresters is critical for insulation coordination studies. Gapless zinc oxide lightening surge arrestor electrical.
Gapless metal oxide surge arrester mosa for electric power systems,1975 citation. A higher rated arrester increases the ability of the arrester to survive on the power system, but reduces the protective margin it provides for a specific insulation level. Pdf over voltages in power system may occur due to lightning, fault or switching operation. The proper selection and application of lightning arresters in a system involve. It can strike the overhead power line which enters your house, or a main power line that is blocks away from your home. To protect the system electrical equipment and to guarantee an economic and reliable operation, surge arresters are applied in almost all types of electrical power network.
Both arrester survival and equipment protection must be considered in arrester selection. Jul 06, 1982 gapless discharge counter for lightning arresters. The arrester has certain advantages like it eliminate the sparkovers and also the risk of shock to the system. This paper presents an overview of how the lightning strikes and their e ects on power distribu.
Gapless mov poly wrapped with grease or dry interface. A lightning arrester is essentially a collection of billions of microscopic junctions of metal oxide grains that turn on and off in microseconds to form a current path from the top terminal to the ground terminal of the arrester. The currents passing through the arrester within the range of possibly applied powerfrequency voltages are so small that the arrester almost behaves like an insulator. The application and selection of lightning arresters. The installation of metal oxide gapless surge arresters at the entrance of the transformers improves their lightning performance and reduces the expected annual failure rate. Development of gapless surge arresters and application of. There are several types of lightning arresters in general use. The theory of operation is the same as an ungapped arrester, however the series gap requires a sparkover before the arrester will begin to conduct the. Gapless zinc oxide zno surge arresters are widely used. Design of lightning arresters for electrical power systems. Various methods nowadays can be applied to monitor the condition of the surge.
Lighting and voltage surge lightning can create voltage surges in several of the following ways. Assessment of surge arrester failure rate and application studies in hellenic high voltage transmission lines. Gapless metaloxide surge arresters protection for mediumvoltage. Adjusting the parameters of metal oxide gapless surge arresters. They differ only in constructional details but operate on the same principle, providing low resistance path for the surges to the round. Application considerations for gapped siliconcarbide. Definition of surge arresters surge arresters are used to protect highvoltage equipment in substations, such as transformers, circuit breakers, and bushings, against the effects of overvoltages caused by incoming surges. Surge arresters application and selection adria jones. The main equipment commonly used for this purpose is. Currently this arrester is installed for lightning mitigation of shielded lines. Lightning and surge arresters siemens et b1 2005 overview combination arresters are surge arresters that meet the basic requirement of requirement category i and ii, i. Zno gapless lightning arrester or surge arrester electrical.
As a result of switching in the system, switchgear and. Paper open access condition based monitoring of gapless surge. Gapless metal oxide surge arrester mosa for electric power systems,1975 meidensha corporation developed mosa and its mass production system by innovating on panasonic corporations zno varistor basic. Metal oxide gapless low voltage lightning arrester thunder.
The electric current carrying capacity of the surge arrester block is proportional to the total crosssection of the block. The primary function of a zinc oxide surge arrester is to protect the power equipment from overvoltages and to absorb electrical energy resulting from lightning or switching surges and temporary overvoltages. Metaloxide surge arresters in highvoltage power systems. Surge arresters are used to protect transmission lines, transformer or other equipments from transient voltage. However, arresters can be damaged, if the discharge. Technical specifications of 33kv outdoor type single phase metal oxide zno gapless lightning arrester 7. One rod is connected to the line circuit and the other rod is connected to earth. The adequate protection of the distribution transformers is a critical issue, in an effort to avoid interruption of the power supply and damages of the equipment. Abstract zinc oxide zno gapless surge arresters are used for lightning and overvoltage protection in electrical power system. Over voltages in power system may occur due to lightning or switching operation. Polymer arrester outline drawings contd porcelain arrester outline drawings mm for specifications on class 3, 4 and 5 ratings, please refer to the tables on pages 7 to 15. The surge currents have values of up to 500 a with switching overvoltages. When zinc oxide varistors are used within the lightning arrester assembly, no gaps are.
Since introducing the worlds first metal oxide arrester in 1976, offering new concepts in. Pdf effect of ambient temperature on leakage current of. A dc surge arrester is generally composed of a shell, a nonlinear resistance sheet, a spring, a pressure release device, a sealing device, etc. Gapless metal oxide surge arrester mosa for electric power systems, 1975 meidensha corporation developed mosa and its mass production system by innovating on panasonic corporations zno varistor basic patent.
Gapless metaloxide surge arresters provide effective overvoltage protection in mv ais. Up to 245 kv lightning surges and beyond 245 kv switching surges are found to be more severe, section 18. For ease of reference, we have described them as surge arresters or only arresters for all types. For normal system, the voltage and current increase. Where, i r and v r are the reference current and voltage respectively of the lightning arrester or surge arrester block. Zinc oxide surge arrester current sharing consideration technical information publ. Accordingly, the following text relates to gapless arresters only.
Hubbell elbow and parkingstand lightning arresters are gapless, metal oxide varistor mov type surge arresters. Definition of surge arresters surge arresters are used to protect highvoltage equipment in substations, such as transformers, circuit breakers, and bushings, against the effects of. Todays technology for surge arresters intended for use in mediumvoltage systems is the gapless metaloxide surge arrester mo surge arrester with a synthetic housing. Types of lightning arresters for outdoor application. An electrical surge can be occurred in an electrical power transmission system due to various reasons. In appearance of a lightning stroke or switching surge on the system, the residual voltage across the terminals of the surge arrester will be limited to a certain permissible value because of the. The egla is a transmission line arrester that is growing in popularity in most of the world except north america. Line surge arresters surge arresters siemens siemens. For normal system, the voltage and current increases linearly, i.
Condition based monitoring of gapless surge arrester. Egla line surge arresters have an external spark gap placed in series that galvanically isolates the active part of the arrester from the line voltage in normal conditions. Why do we make the rating of surge arrester kv always less. Lightning protection of distribution substations by using. It is customary, therefore, to call an arrester up to 245 kv a lightning arrester and beyond 245 kv a surge arrester. Jul 19, 2016 over voltages in power system may occur due to lightning or switching operation. Gapless discharge counter for lightning arresters general. The arrester which uses zinc oxide semiconductor as a resistor material, such type of arrester is known as a metal oxide surge arrester or zno diverter. If, however, surge currents in the kiloampere range are injected into the arrester, such as is the case when lightning or switching overvoltages. The method of protecting system from surge is normally referred as surge protection. Application of metaloxide surge arresters for alternatingcurrent systems ieee power engineering society sponsored by the surgeprotective devices committee cj u a 3 published b y the institute of electrical and electronics engineers, inc. Zno gapless lightning arrester or surge arrester electrical4u. A procedure for estimating the lifetime of gapless.
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